Villanova University utilizes Sender Policy Framework (SPF), DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) to enhance our email domain protection. Since SPF, DKIM and DMARC are in place, any third party or vendor that has been reviewed and authorized to send emails on behalf of Villanova University as email originating from villanova.edu, will need to pass the required checks for SPF, DKIM and DMARC. For e.g., if both SPF and DKIM fail, either outright or because of third party misconfigurations, a message will fail our DMARC policy and delivery to intended recipients will be impacted. The reason this is in place is because third-party senders that have not been correctly configured to support SPF and DKIM are indistinguishable from unauthorized or malicious users that are sending spoofed emails to the Villanova University community.